Network architecture

Behind every functioning system is a network designed to support it

When network infrastructure hinders business performance

Corporate networks don't always crash. More often, they slow down, fragment workflows, and create chronic issues that IT teams end up absorbing rather than resolving.

The technical departments we meet often inherit infrastructure built in successive layers, lacking a cohesive vision. A local network originally designed for a few dozen workstations is expanded over the years to meet the needs of new sites and new use cases. The result: an illegible topology, poorly isolated segments, and network security that is impossible to guarantee without a structural overhaul.

Redesigning a network architecture is not a luxury; it is a response to concrete malfunctions: unexplained latency, the inability to properly segment IT and OT traffic, attack surfaces widened by legacy configurations, or the inability to integrate a new site without destabilizing the existing environment. For organizations where information systems are essential to production, these problems carry a direct operational cost.

Our approach to your network projects

From auditing existing systems to maintaining operational status, we use a structured approach to design networks that adapt to change without requiring systematic overhauls.

  • Mapping of actual traffic flows, measurement of utilization rates on critical links, and identification of bottlenecks. This phase establishes a precise diagnosis before any technical decisions are made, ensuring the solution is tailored to the organization's real-world needs.

  • Definition of topology, logical and physical segmentation, IP addressing, selection of routing protocols, and equipment sizing. Cybersecurity and data protection are integrated at this stage, not added as an afterthought.

  • Equipment configuration, implementation of network services (DNS, DHCP, VLAN, QoS), integration with cloud environments, and load testing prior to production rollout.

  • Delivery of comprehensive operational documentation and an architecture scaled to accommodate future growth without requiring systematic overhauls. Reliability is prioritized for high-availability environments.

Why trust IT Link with your network projects?

Engineers trained for constrained environments

Defense, healthcare, industry, energy: our teams work on infrastructures where a design error has measurable operational consequences. This requires a higher level of rigor than a standard office network, and our Linkers reflect that.

A cross-functional view of the system, not just the network

Network architecture cannot be optimized in a silo. Our engineers work closely with security, cloud, and IT systems teams to ensure overall consistency, particularly during transformation projects where multiple system lines evolve in parallel.

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Topologies, models, and network architecture choices

Network topology: which model to choose?

Network topology describes how devices are interconnected, both physically and logically. This choice determines the performance, resilience, and ease of administration of the IT network.

The star topology remains the standard solution used in the majority of large companies: each device connects to a central node, which simplifies management and fault isolation. Its main limitation is the dependence on this central node, which necessitates redundancy for critical equipment.

Mesh topologies are reserved for environments where resilience takes precedence over cost. Each node has multiple communication paths to others, ensuring continuity in the event of a link failure. These are found in telecom networks and critical infrastructure.

Corporate network architecture: LAN, WAN, and segmentation

A corporate local area network is structured around three levels: access, distribution, and core. VLAN segmentation allows for the logical isolation of traffic without multiplying physical infrastructure. A production server, an office computer, and an IoT sensor should not share the same network segment: the risk of contamination in the event of a security incident would be too high.

For WAN connections, MPLS, SD-WAN, and secure Internet access (ZTNA, IPsec VPN) solutions are used according to requirements. SD-WAN has become the standard in many organizations for its ability to dynamically manage traffic between multiple links, reducing dependence on MPLS connections while maintaining an acceptable level of security.

Client-server architecture and distributed models

The three-tier model (client, application server, database server) remains the most widely used. Microservices architectures have complicated this scheme by multiplying internal communication points, which imposes new requirements on network management: service mesh, load balancing, and traffic observability.

Cloud integration and hybrid architectures

With public cloud, SaaS, and hybrid architectures, traffic has become multidirectional and perimeters much more porous. SASE architectures address these needs by integrating network and security services into a unified cloud service, securing remote access without routing traffic through a central datacenter. IT Link supports these cloud architecture projects by ensuring consistency with the existing network, without creating new security blind spots.

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Network topology: which model should you choose?

Network topology describes how devices are interconnected, both physically and logically. This choice determines the performance, resilience, and ease of administration of the IT network.

Star topology remains the reference solution used by most large enterprises: each device connects to a central node, which simplifies management and fault isolation. Its main limitation is the dependency on that central node, which requires redundancy on critical equipment.

Mesh topologies are reserved for environments where resilience takes priority over cost. Each node has multiple communication paths to the others, guaranteeing continuity in the event of a link failure. These are found in telecom networks and critical infrastructure.

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Enterprise network architecture: LAN, WAN, and segmentation

An enterprise local network is structured around three tiers: access (connecting endpoints and devices), distribution (aggregating and filtering traffic), and the network core (high-speed transit between segments).

VLAN segmentation makes it possible to logically isolate traffic without multiplying physical infrastructure. A production server, an office computer, and an IoT sensor should not share the same network segment: the risk of contamination in the event of a security incident would be too high.

On WAN links, MPLS, SD-WAN, and secure Internet access solutions (ZTNA, IPSec VPN) are used depending on requirements. SD-WAN has become widely adopted across many organizations for its ability to dynamically manage traffic across multiple links, reducing reliance on MPLS connections while maintaining an acceptable level of security.

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Our sectors of expertise

IT Link works with network architectures subject to strict technical or regulatory requirements. The examples below illustrate typical scopes and do not limit our field of expertise.

  • Automotive

    Traffic segmentation between production, testing, and office environments on lines where the slightest cross-segment contamination has immediate consequences.

  • Defense

    Air-gapped networks compliant with industry standards (RGS, NATO standards, ANSSI), featuring hardened configurations and access traceability.

  • Energy

    IT/OT separation to enable field data collection without exposing industrial control systems.

  • High-tech

    Architectures adapted to rapid innovation cycles, with protection for R&D workflows and remote access.

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  • Industry 4.0

    IT/OT segmentation with control over industrial protocols (OPC-UA, Profinet, EtherNet/IP) and Purdue-style architectures.

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  • Professionnel de santé vêtu d'une blouse blanche et d'un stéthoscope rouge lisant un document à l'intérieur.

    Healthcare

    HDS and ISO 27001 compliant architectures, with access management tailored to clinical requirements and continuity of care.

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Frequently asked questions

  • Evaluation begins with an audit of the existing infrastructure: mapping actual traffic flows, measuring utilization rates on critical links, and analyzing incidents from the past 12 to 24 months. This phase allows us to design an appropriate response and distinguish between issues related to sizing, configuration, or structural limitations. It defines the project scope and budget, preventing unnecessary overhauls when a targeted reconfiguration would suffice.

  • External support is justified whenever a project exceeds internal capabilities, deadlines are incompatible with current team workloads, or reliability requirements demand immediately operational expertise. This is particularly relevant for multi-site network architecture redesigns, environments with strict regulatory constraints, and IT/OT integration projects where mastery of industrial protocols is essential.

  • Well-implemented VLAN segmentation, combined with strict filtering rules between the two environments, allows for operational isolation while still permitting necessary traffic. The challenge lies in precisely defining which flows cross the IT/OT boundary, in which direction, and with what authentication. The operational reliability of OT equipment imposes constraints that traditional IT security approaches do not always cover.

  • MPLS provides contractual quality-of-service guarantees and traffic isolation, which is relevant for critical data flows between sensitive sites. Its primary drawbacks are cost and rigidity when it comes to architectural changes. SD-WAN allows for the combination of multiple link types and the application of dynamic routing policies based on real-time performance. Both solutions frequently coexist on the same corporate network, with segmentation based on criticality levels tailored to each organization's needs.

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